A little less than a year visited the Ryazan refinery. Now I can not remember all the details, so here then text reports written for a magazine. It did not include the fact that the employees themselves were asked not to insert, and it is, in fact, the history of misunderstandings between the government and refiners. In Ryazan already did gasoline and diesel Euro-5, but they have not been in great demand in the country and part of the fuel stupidly drove abroad. Excise policy we have is that the sale does not encourage environmentally friendly fuel.
Now the situation is completely a joke: the state sly prolongs the Euro-3 for the automakers, a little earlier revoked its own decision to ban a 92-octane gasoline. Motivation is amazing: refiners are not ready. Not ready, yeah: Euro 5 petrol abroad profitable to sell now, here they are "not ready". You better reconsider excise, then oil will flood the country of normal fuel. And yes: Pulsar and Ultimate can refuel safely.
First there will be a painful dressing up in clothing, which, of course, few will fit you to size. Including special boots with antistatic pad on the sole. Then he put on his helmet on his head, eye - glasses, and shall cleave to his chest box with a respirator, promisingly titled "Escape." Then there will be instructions: do not go there, it does not touch it, and you start to lose consciousness - let me know, you, of course, pump. In a bus driving through, fasten all the smells do not pay attention, do not ask stupid questions. Are you ready? Voila, you are in the Ryazan refinery, owned by TNK-BP. Territory to which the average person does not get easier than in the vaults of the Diamond Fund.
Ryazan oil refinery was built in 1960 to supply the light oil ... Ukraine! Yes, yes, it's a smiley face us from the past, the sly smile of a planned economy of the USSR, in which the word "utility" in ministerial offices tried not to say (as the word "logistics" was not there at all). In 1995, refinery became part of the Tyumen Oil Company, and in 2003 became one of the key assets contributed to the joint venture TNK with BP.
In 1999, the company, now calling "Ryazan Refinery" (Ryazan) the reconstruction, resulting in significantly improved power and the opportunity to launch new brand fuels. De facto reconstruction in a slow mode continues to this day - something rebuild, renew, enter the new setting.
All these innovations helped to create a very modern plant capable of making gasoline emission class Euro 5. His RNPK produces two years (despite the fact that in Russia there are norms of Euro-3), but the demand for this fuel, we have almost no and it is exported. Incidentally, this is a practical response to those who called for the postponement of the introduction in Russia of Euro-4 at avtostroeniya, he says, while fuel industry is not ready. But not only TNK-BP, but the other major oil companies - Rosneft, Gazprom Neft, Lukoil - already produce Euro 5 petrol and can deliver them to market in the right quantities and in all regions.
Plant suppresses. Giant territory, full of monotonous low-frequency rumble and pervasive, "flavor" of hydrogen sulfide ("Scent of a feeling?'s Good, it's safe. In hazardous concentrations, it is no longer seen!") As it suggests: this is no place for idle excursions. But we're here, and give ear to our escort, trying to add pieces of jargon into comprehensible meaning mosaic.
Pride Ryazan - complex vacuum gasoil hydrotreater, commissioned in 2005 and cost the company more than $ 600 million. Vacuum gas oil - is what remains after the primary oil refining in vacuum columns. In fact, it is waste. Gas Oil Refineries some plants sell for oil, that is - for a pittance.
But there is a technology of extraction of light vacuum gas oil, than increasing the efficiency of oil. This technology is called catalytic cracking. To send gasoil cracking on the installation, it should be clear from the heaviest fractions (popularly referred to as paraffin). This process takes place in the hydrotreatment unit. "Hydro" - it does not mean water, it means hydrogen.
Hydrotreatment complex - it's five plants, one of which is obtained from natural gas, hydrogen, on the other side, inevitably utilize hydrogen sulfide (which is processed into sulfuric acid, which is also, of course, sell), and a few steps to the raw material comes alkylation unit. About her factory workers say is not skimping on the excellent epithets unique, supersrveremennaya, dear.
Here, from the two gases are the basic component of high-octane gasoline. And it is absolutely clear (in contrast to that obtained by the direct distillation), which has no aromatic compounds, and - most importantly! - Almost no sulfur. Sulfur is known to be a great enemy of nature and that its concentration determines the environmentally friendly fuel. And we, the Russian oil (known in the world under the brand Urals) sour (1.8%) and, therefore, requires a thorough cleaning.
We are led into the depths of interlacing lines, in the heart of the installation. She double-flow and each thread has its own reactor (oven), a height of 6-storey building, where the processes are under pressure of 85-100 atmospheres. In turn look into the mouth of one of the furnaces, so get excited about a sinister picture. Macabre, infernal spectacle.
But it is the essence of routine for workers Ryazan, monotone voice reads out our performance indicators. According to them, it follows that a year is processed 3,000,000 tonnes of gas oil. And oil RNPK recycles 16-17 million tonnes per year, of which the traditional methods is obtained 12-13% gasoline. And that is not commercial gasoline - it must be cleaned of sulfur and increase the octane number up to 97 units on the reform (which use platinum catalysts). Given the use of diesel fuel, the overall selection of gasoline from crude oil was 25%, which in absolute terms is a half million tons. That is, the yield of gasoline increased by almost two times.
Could not ask and purely consumer aspects: Pulsar gasoline at the pump and TNK BP Ultimate for the same? No, the first factory workers were assured, there are different additives. And just on the sidelines admitted: yes, of course, it's almost the same thing, only in the "pulsar" a little more detergent component. At about the same things, and with a diesel engine - the fuel of Euro-4 with two networks is almost identical. But only Tssss-with-this-house secret of TNK-BP.
Комментариев нет:
Отправить комментарий